Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment. For instance, pb phytoremediation technology can only be feasible if systems. Although the additive raises leads solubility in the soil, edta is extremely expensive. Phytoremediation is a group of technologies that use plants to reduce, remove, degrade, or immobilize environmental toxins, primarily those of anthropogenic origin, with the aim of restoring area. Pdf phytoremediation ability of some floricultural plant. In some cases, soil, water and food are heavily polluted by heavy metals in china. Use of brassica plants in the phytoremediation and. Not aware of any trials with native aspen in uk but. Phytoremediation is an ecofriendly, efficient, and economic method of bioremediating metalcontaminated soil. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a species of bacteria that can transfer dna between itself and plants. Several species of plants, including radish and mustard, were genetically engineered to express a protein called metallothionein. Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water.
Important criteria for plants used for phytoremediation include the provision of economic benefits, harvesting management, and byproduct utilization. Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf. Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation. Phytoremediation plants used to clean contaminated soil. Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016. Aspen in phytoremediation aspen represent optimal plants for absorption, accumulation, storage, and degradation of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, mercury, pcbs, nitrates, pesticide and herbicide residues, aromatics, wood preservatives, explosives and other wasteproducts. The composition of the pool of five terraced wetland plant species are used as medium of phytoremediation recorded. The uptake, accumulation and degradation of contaminants vary from plant to plant. Pdf phytoremediation ability of some floricultural plant species. Ecological potential of plants for phytoremediation and. The phytoextraction process involves the use of plants to facilitate the removal of metal contaminants from a soil matrix. Optimization of phytoremediation of leadcontaminated soil by. In addition to many commercial applications, flax is also used as a fibrous species or for livestock feed animal fodder.
Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site as a remediation method is an aesthetically. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant characteristics. It can be used to detoxify sites containing metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. Contaminated soils and waters pose a major environmental and human health problem, which may be partially solved by the emerging phytoremediation technology. Its distribution could be governed by cobalt rather than copper. Phytoremediation ability of some floricultural plant species article pdf available in indian journal of plant physiology 182. Thlaspi species are known to hyperaccumulate more than one metal i. For instance, pb phytoremediation technology can only be feasible if systems can be developed to employ high biomass plants, which are capable of accumulating more than 1% pb in shoots and produce more than 20 t of biomass ha. A plant genetically modified that accumulates pb is. Plants are used either to remove or to stabilize hold in place pollution in the soil.
Natural hyperaccumulators include iberis intermedia and thlaspi spp. Design of aerobic wetland for acid mine drainage pond. The term comes from the greek word for plants phyto that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water contaminated with heavy metals or excess minerals. It was one of the first webenabled applications deve\. Phytostabilization is the use of certain plant species to immobilize contaminants. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Phytoremediation technology uses plants to clean contaminated sites and is a promising technology for restoring the environment and ecosystems pantola and alam, 2014. The plants used in phytoremediation are generally selected on the basis of their growth rate and.
Forumusing superplants to clean up our environment phytoremediation is an innovative use of green plants to clean up our environment. Heavy metals concentration in tree species used for revegetation of contaminated area. Phytodegradation, or phytotransformation, is the use of plants to uptake, store and degrade organic pollutants. Phytoremediation is a costeffective plantbased remediation approach taking advantage of the ability of plants to concentrate elements. Use of trees in phytoremediation since the early 1990s organic pollutant clean up. The plant used in the phytoremediation technique must have a considerable capacity of metal absorption, its accumulation and reducing the time of decontamination of an ecosystem 8. Plants with more than one bcf and high roottoshoot metal translocation, as displayed by brake fern pteris vittata, are ideal for phytoremediation and also relate to the plant to act as a. Unlike other kinds of remediation plants, ornamental plants grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects have been an important source of remediation plants in recent years. Our results suggest that, among the four floriculture plant species only calendula is a. Al, ag, as, be, cr, cu, mn, hg, mo, naphthalene, pb. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to clean up polluted soil and water resources has received.
Phytoremediation uses plants to clean up pollution in the environment. Explore phytoremediation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. Plant species used for phytoremediation over 500 plant species are reported to have hyperaccumulation properties. Plants with more than one bcf and high roottoshoot metal translocation, as displayed by brake fern pteris vittata, are ideal for phytoremediation and also relate to the plant to act as a hyperaccumulator pandey 2012. This species phanerogam has the highest cobalt content. Phytoremediation is bioremediation by way of plant life. The plants database was first put on the web in late 1994 or early 1995. The term phytoremediation comes from the ancient greek word phyto meaning plant and the latin word remedium meaning restoring balance. This promising new field of research can be used for in situ clean up of large volumes and expansive areas of contaminated soils or waters, including ground water. Because of these limitations such plants cannot be used to remove certain heavy metals from soil. This technology has been used for hundreds of years to treat human waste, re duce erosion, and protect water quality. One plant used in phytoremediation for cleaner soil is alpine pennygrass because it was found to be able to remove 10 times more cadmium than any other known soil cleaning plant. May 30, 2019 plant species used for phytoremediation over 500 plant species are reported to have hyperaccumulation properties.
A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. Pdf chromium cr is one of the most common heavy metals affecting the soil quality which. However, increased concentration of metals causes decreased plant biomass and stunted growth. Populus species are examples of plants widely used to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils 38. Extensive activity of mankind has been introducing hazardous compounds into the environment at an alarming rate. This plantbased technology has gained acceptance in the past ten years as a. Arabidopsis thaliana delhaize 1996, typha latifolia, and phragmites australis ye et al. Phytoextraction removes metals or organics from soils by accumulating them in the biomass of plants. Thermal power plants using coal as major fuel for production of electricity worldwide generate large amounts of combustion coal residues ccrs, such as fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag and flues gas desulphurization materials heidrich et al. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living plants for in situ remediation of contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and ground water through contaminant removal, degradation, or containment. To use plants to remediate heavy metal pollution would be an effective technique in pollution control. The plant is used as an ornamental grass in gardens, as well as for phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a technology that uses plants to degrade, assimilate, metabolize, or detoxify metal and organic chemical contamination. Phytovolatilization plants convert pollutants to a gas released into the atmosphere.
The soil has been contaminated with toxic materials which is jeopardising its fertility. Use of trees in phytoremediation since the early 1990s. Phytoremediation takes advantage of plants absorption of co 2 for photosynthesis, the process whereby plants convert solar energy into biomass and release o 2 as a. Phytoremediation superior environmental corporation. Metal and plant species concentrationof metalaccuumulated mgkg a. Eventually, phytoremediation plants became an additional cleanup technique to remove harmful chemicals from the soil, such as cadmium, zinc, iron, and manganese. Sep 12, 2017 phytoremediation phytoremediation definition.
It utilizes a variety of plant biological processes and the physical characteristics of plants to aid in site remediation. Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used to remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water. It is a technology that uses plants to treat environmental pollution problems. Typha latifolia and phragmites australis have been sed for phytoremediation in china. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering.
Plants can degrade organic pollutants or contain and stabilize metal contaminants by acting as filters or traps. Jul 29, 2004 the degradation of used motor oil in soil as affected by plant treatment phytoremediation was assessed in a growth chamber study. For the last 40 years, flax has been used as a phytoremediation tool for the remediation of different heavy metals, particularly for phytoextraction when cultivated on metal contaminated soils. List of 10 plants used in phytoremediation health guide net. The scientists then isolated cells from the infected n. Nov 09, 2011 because of these limitations such plants cannot be used to remove certain heavy metals from soil. Since the 1990s, plants, including sunflowers, have been shown to increase accumulation of lead when a chelating agent, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid edta, is added to the soil see huang et al. Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used. The degradation of used motor oil in soil as affected by plant treatment phytoremediation was assessed in a growth chamber study. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to partially or substantially remediate selected contaminants in contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water, and waste water.
Unfortunately, most plant species displaying the hyperaccumulation. Phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention and is a promising technology for addressing soil contamination problems. Cr, cd, pb, zn phytoremediation in conjunction with biomass fuels production willow being grown on contaminated land for biomass production. Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation of. The use of invasive, nonnative species can affect biodiversity. Pdf phytoremediation and hyperaccumulator plants researchgate. Brassicaceae species are really useful to accumulate certain metals while producing high quantities of biomass in the process, and indian mustard is the star of this group. Research focusing specifically on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils has only grown significantly in the last 25 years. It is a species of grass that is native to the azores, northern africa i. The consumption of contaminated plants by wildlife is also of concern.
Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Phytoremediation plants restoring balance is another green remediation approach that uses living natural plants, both local and selected species, to naturally address certain contaminants in the environment. Application of floating aquatic plants in phytoremediation of. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. Phytoremediation, the use of plants and their associated microbes for environmental cleanup, has gained acceptance in the past 10 years as a costeffective, noninvasive alternative or complementary technology for engineeringbased remediation methods. Limitations phytoremediation is limited to the surface area and depth occupied by the roots. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils. Seed germination of several grass, legume, and cereal species declined with an increase in used oil concentration. Natural resources conservation service national plant data team npdt nrcs.
This plantbased technology has gained acceptance in the past ten years as a cheap, efficient and environmentally friendly technology. Plants are used either to remove or to stabilize hold in. Plants can be used for pollutant stabilization, extraction, degradation, or volatilization. It is a perennial herb, commonly grown as a biennial or annual, up to 1 meter or taller. Phytoremediation is a broad term that has been used since 1991 to describe the use of plants to reduce the volume, mobility, or toxicity of contaminants in soil, groundwater, or other contaminated media usepa, 2000. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated. Brassicaceae 1280 29,400 alyssium spp do 11,600 berkheya codil asteraceae 16,600. Nov, 2018 thus, sown species festuca rubra on fly ash deposits can be considered as an excluder suitable for phytostabilization due to limited transport of as, cu, mn, and zn from root to leaves bcf 1 gajic et al. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils using ornamental. Phosphatesolubilizing microorganisms such as pseudomonas, enterobacter, klebsiella, etc.
Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with used motor oil. It is usually in situ and is almost always dependent on available air i. The plant protein binds heavy metals and removes them so that plant toxicity does not occur. Titled phytoremediation of metals, the patent disclosed a method to remove metal ions from soil using plants. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to improve degraded environments. Phytoremediation the direct use of living green plants for in situ remediation refers to the use of plantbased processes and their associated microbial communities in a symbiotic interaction. Brassica juncea, also known as indian mustard, mustard greens, chinese mustard, and leaf mustard, is a species of the mustard plant. Furthermore, it is an important forage grass throughout europe. Factors affecting heavy metal phytoavailability bioavailability and phytoavailability are terms used to describe the degree to which contaminants are available for absorption or uptake by living organisms that are exposed to them 4648. Iron fe, manganese mn, and sulfides introduces oxygen into the water to oxidize materials to purify the water perennial wetland.
Pdf phytoremediation is a group of technologies that use plants to reduce, remove. Plants for phytoremediation phytoremediation involves the use of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize andor degrade contaminants in soil, sediment, and water hughes et al. Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment, destruction, or an extraction technique. It designates all vegetation based remediation measures. This costeffective plantbased approach to remediation takes advantage of the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to metabolize various molecules in their tissues. As international journal of molecular sciences has published, heavy metals affect not only industrial sites but also cultivated land, spreading risks for human health. Water plants characteristic for phytoremediation of acid.
Phytoremediation processes rely on the ability of plants to take up andor metabolize pollutants to less toxic substances. Plants are known to be able to accumulate many heavy metals 9. It is not a design manual, and is not intended to provide enough information. Heavy metals in plants and phytoremediation springerlink.
1309 1311 365 1421 878 1409 1468 354 575 1335 898 763 221 1108 708 523 345 1075 638 383 157 377 1067 19 910 1448 444 1433 404 9 1376 427